| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Freedom deficit ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Freedom deficit
Freedom deficit is a term coined by a group of Arab scholars for the UNDP Arab Human Development Report in 2002. As defined in the report, a freedom deficit exists when there is "a substantial lag between Arab countries and other regions in terms of participatory government," where "freedom" is thus synonymous with "democracy."〔Perry, Glenn E. "(The Arab democracy deficit: the case of Egypt )", Arab Studies Quarterly, 22 March 2004.〕
A measure of the freedom deficit is calculated by assessing political participation and accountability, freedom of expression and political corruption. The 2002 Arab Human Development Report attempted to account for the fact that the Arab region does poorly on the Human Development Index, yet does not suffer the same economic woes of similar nations. These scholars posited three deficits: freedom, women’s empowerment, and knowledge.
Since 2002, the term has been used by politicians and pundits alike. Shortly after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, US Defense undersecretary Douglas J. Feith noted that once free of Saddam Hussein, Iraq would no longer suffer from a freedom deficit.〔Garamone, Jim. "(Iraq Suffering From 'Freedom Deficit' )", American Forces Press Service, US Department of Defence, 28 May 2003.〕 US President George W. Bush acknowledged the role of Western nations in contributing to the freedom deficit in the Middle East.〔Krishnaswami, Sridhar. "(West must share blame for `freedom deficit' in W. Asia: Bush )", ''The Hindu'', 8 November 2003.〕 The conservative American Enterprise Institute issued a commentary in 2004 defending the War on Terrorism as being crucial to ending the freedom deficit.〔Donnelly, Thomas. "(Paying Attention to the Middle East's "Freedom Deficit" )", American Enterprise Institute, 15 April 2004.〕 United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice used the term in December 2006 during a press conference on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict to describe the "core problem" of the Middle East.〔ABC 7 News, (broken link ). Retrieved 11 August 2007.〕
Beyond the Middle East, libertarian blogger John Pugsley applied the term to China, noting that the US/China trade deficit is really a result of a freedom deficit in China.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Freedom deficit」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|